Chinese Class - Yan'an Revolutionary Memorial

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Library>Museum>Revolution

Yan'an Revolutionary Memorial

Founded in July 1950 in Yan'an City of Shaanxi Province, the Yan'an Revolutionary Memorial is one of the earliest revolutionary memorials in China. It was built in July 1950 and was previously called the Yan'an Revolutionary Museum. It opened to the public in February 1951.

The memorial boasts a collection of 35,000 pieces of cultural relics, 5,500 historical photos and 12,000 volumes of books. Among all, more than 1,700 items belong to Class One and Class Two collections. The exhibits include genuine footballs, sewing machines, old uniforms, weaponry, historical
literature, graphs, photos, Marxist books by Lenin, Stalin and Trotsky translated into Chinese and hundreds of communist weapons. Especially noteworthy is a white horse (it has been made into a specimen) that is said to have carried Mao Zedong.

The exhibition halls occupy 3,200 square meters, displaying 1,300 revolutionary cultural relics, more than 200 photos, as well as auxiliary exhibits like graphs, paintings, sculptures and models. All the exhibits introduce the founding of Northern Shaaxi Revolutionary Bases and the 13 years of
revolutionary activities of the Communist Party of China. The memorial has launched the Exhibition of Yan'an Revolutionary Cultural Relics and the Exhibition of Yan'an Spirit, and has staged roadshows in other places.

Publications of the memorial includeStories of Mao Zedong,Yan'an -- Sacred Place of the Revolution, andProduction Movement in Yan'an, etc.

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HSK - Pu Songling Memorial

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Library>Museum>Celebrities

Pu Songling Memorial

www.pusongling.net

The Pu Songling Memorial, located at Zibo City of Shandong Province and founded in 1980 in memory of Pu Songling, a writer in the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), is a memorial of historical figure.

The memorial has collected 7,500 items of historical relics and materials (different editions, photos and audiovisual tapes), of which 8 belong to Class One collection, including a vertical scroll of Pu Songling's portrait, and the manuscripts and seals of Pu Songling. The basic exhibitions of the
memorial are theLiaozhaiStudy, Pu Songling's Life Story and the Books Written by Him and A Study on Pu Songling. The exhibitions on special topics are the Painted Sculptures Based on the Story of Liaozhai and the Painting and Calligraphy of Contemporary Celebrities. A hall for showing film and
watching TV is also available in the memorial.

The memorial has edited and publishedNotes to the Lost Parts of LiaozhaiandA Study of Pu Songling. The memorial, holding that Pu Songling's nationality was Han instead of Manchurian, has issued a paperStudy of Pu Songling's Nationality.

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HSK - Huabu and Yabu

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Library>Culture ABC>Opera>Introduction

Huabu and Yabu

From the mid-Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), various forms of local opera flourished. Except forKunqu, they were all called local operas. Of these local operas,Bangzi, PihuangandXiansuooccupied the leading position during the reign of Qianlong (1736-1795). Well, in this period,Kunquwas on the decline.

The Chinese rulers regarded music as refined, and songs as popular. At that time,Kunqurepresented the refined, orYabu; and local operas, the popular, orHuabu,as they featured folk music.

While poetic dramas, including local tunes ofKunqu, were created by men of letters of the Ming and Qing Dynasties,Huabugot little help from either the literati or officialdom.Huabuplays, which drew their materials directly from folk culture, were full of the aroma of the earth and the intense
emotion of life.Huabudid not conform to the literary standards and style of the time, whichKunqu, orYabu, did.

However,Huabuhad its own advantages as theater, and was by no means inferior toZajuor poetic dramas of the previous dynasty. Its artistry was forged on the stage instead of being worked out in the quiet of a study. As there were no playwrights forHuabu, the Qing Dynasty did not give birth to
famous playwrights equal to Guan Hanqing and Tang Xianzu.

The themes ofHuabuwere mainly historical stories. In the 19th century Chinese feudal society was approaching its end; the Chinese people's resentment of feudal rule that had been smoldering for quite a long time was strongly represented inHuabudramas.The Fisherman's Revengeis a moving and tragic
story of how an aged hero of the Marsh is forced to rebel by local tyrants.

From then on, the focus of Chinese theater began to be transferred from libretto literature to stage arts. The local operas of the Qing Dynasty were handed down by means of hand-copied scripts and oral instructions, and only a few librettos were printed. The only libretto that has survived isZhui
Bai Qiu, printed during the reign of Qianlong.

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