Chinese Class - Yan'an Revolutionary Memorial

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Library>Museum>Revolution

Yan'an Revolutionary Memorial

Founded in July 1950 in Yan'an City of Shaanxi Province, the Yan'an Revolutionary Memorial is one of the earliest revolutionary memorials in China. It was built in July 1950 and was previously called the Yan'an Revolutionary Museum. It opened to the public in February 1951.

The memorial boasts a collection of 35,000 pieces of cultural relics, 5,500 historical photos and 12,000 volumes of books. Among all, more than 1,700 items belong to Class One and Class Two collections. The exhibits include genuine footballs, sewing machines, old uniforms, weaponry, historical
literature, graphs, photos, Marxist books by Lenin, Stalin and Trotsky translated into Chinese and hundreds of communist weapons. Especially noteworthy is a white horse (it has been made into a specimen) that is said to have carried Mao Zedong.

The exhibition halls occupy 3,200 square meters, displaying 1,300 revolutionary cultural relics, more than 200 photos, as well as auxiliary exhibits like graphs, paintings, sculptures and models. All the exhibits introduce the founding of Northern Shaaxi Revolutionary Bases and the 13 years of
revolutionary activities of the Communist Party of China. The memorial has launched the Exhibition of Yan'an Revolutionary Cultural Relics and the Exhibition of Yan'an Spirit, and has staged roadshows in other places.

Publications of the memorial includeStories of Mao Zedong,Yan'an -- Sacred Place of the Revolution, andProduction Movement in Yan'an, etc.

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HSK - Pu Songling Memorial

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Library>Museum>Celebrities

Pu Songling Memorial

www.pusongling.net

The Pu Songling Memorial, located at Zibo City of Shandong Province and founded in 1980 in memory of Pu Songling, a writer in the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), is a memorial of historical figure.

The memorial has collected 7,500 items of historical relics and materials (different editions, photos and audiovisual tapes), of which 8 belong to Class One collection, including a vertical scroll of Pu Songling's portrait, and the manuscripts and seals of Pu Songling. The basic exhibitions of the
memorial are theLiaozhaiStudy, Pu Songling's Life Story and the Books Written by Him and A Study on Pu Songling. The exhibitions on special topics are the Painted Sculptures Based on the Story of Liaozhai and the Painting and Calligraphy of Contemporary Celebrities. A hall for showing film and
watching TV is also available in the memorial.

The memorial has edited and publishedNotes to the Lost Parts of LiaozhaiandA Study of Pu Songling. The memorial, holding that Pu Songling's nationality was Han instead of Manchurian, has issued a paperStudy of Pu Songling's Nationality.

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HSK - Huabu and Yabu

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Library>Culture ABC>Opera>Introduction

Huabu and Yabu

From the mid-Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), various forms of local opera flourished. Except forKunqu, they were all called local operas. Of these local operas,Bangzi, PihuangandXiansuooccupied the leading position during the reign of Qianlong (1736-1795). Well, in this period,Kunquwas on the decline.

The Chinese rulers regarded music as refined, and songs as popular. At that time,Kunqurepresented the refined, orYabu; and local operas, the popular, orHuabu,as they featured folk music.

While poetic dramas, including local tunes ofKunqu, were created by men of letters of the Ming and Qing Dynasties,Huabugot little help from either the literati or officialdom.Huabuplays, which drew their materials directly from folk culture, were full of the aroma of the earth and the intense
emotion of life.Huabudid not conform to the literary standards and style of the time, whichKunqu, orYabu, did.

However,Huabuhad its own advantages as theater, and was by no means inferior toZajuor poetic dramas of the previous dynasty. Its artistry was forged on the stage instead of being worked out in the quiet of a study. As there were no playwrights forHuabu, the Qing Dynasty did not give birth to
famous playwrights equal to Guan Hanqing and Tang Xianzu.

The themes ofHuabuwere mainly historical stories. In the 19th century Chinese feudal society was approaching its end; the Chinese people's resentment of feudal rule that had been smoldering for quite a long time was strongly represented inHuabudramas.The Fisherman's Revengeis a moving and tragic
story of how an aged hero of the Marsh is forced to rebel by local tyrants.

From then on, the focus of Chinese theater began to be transferred from libretto literature to stage arts. The local operas of the Qing Dynasty were handed down by means of hand-copied scripts and oral instructions, and only a few librettos were printed. The only libretto that has survived isZhui
Bai Qiu, printed during the reign of Qianlong.

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Chinese Mandarin - Shanghai Conservatory of Music

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Library>Institutions>Central Affiliated

Shanghai Conservatory of Music

Address: No. 20 Fenyang Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai

Post Code: 200031

Tel: (86-10)64370137 Fax: (86-10)64330866

The Shanghai Conservatory of Music (SCM), founded in 1949, is an institution of higher education under the Ministry of Culture.

Duties and Tasks: Train undergraduates, postgraduates and doctor-degree students specialized in music, art and performing. Besides, SCM is also in charge of related work of affiliated music school and a music primary school. Establishment: Under SCM there is Teaching and Researching Department,
Piano Department, Composing and Conducting Department, Vocalist Department, Folk Music Department, Wind and string Music Department, Department of Music Science, Department of Social Sciences, Library, editing office of a journal, music research institute, General Offices and Foreign Affairs
Office.

Major achievements: Since 1978, SCM has made the following achievements which have won prizes at ministry or provincial levels:Six Points in Harmony Science; Introduction of the Folk Songs of Han Nationality;81-type dulcimer; and influences of menstruation upon singers' voices.

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Chinese Studies - Northern Song Dynasty

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Library>China ABC>History>Introduction>Dynasties

Northern Song Dynasty

Three-legged celadon wine vessel

In 959, following the death of Emperor Shizong, who had been a wise monarch, a seven-year-old child, Emperor Gong, succeeded him on the throne. In the next year, Zhao Kuangyin seized power and forced Emperor Gong to abdicate the throne. Zhao took the name Taizu and established his capital in
Dongjing (present-day Kaifeng City). His first task was to abolish military coups by establishing a professional army that was loyal to the dynasty with military commanders under the strict control of the central government. For the remainder of his reign, Taizu concentrated his efforts on winning
over the southern states. Such was his legacy at the time of his death in 976. With the exception of Zhejiang, Shanxi, Nanzhao and the area ruled by the Khitan, the country had come under Song control and the activities of the warlords had been brought to an end.

Copper coin

Emperor Taizu was succeeded by his brother, Emperor Taizong, who brought Zhejiang and Shanxi back to China. He was unsuccessful, however, in driving out the Khitan and was forced to deal with them on equal terms. From then on the Song Dynasty defended its borders against invasions and, unlike the
Tang, never attained a universal empire.

Porcelain pillow of Cizhou Kiln

Important steps were taken to strengthen the administration under the autocratic control of the emperor. The developments were supported by important changes in the bureaucratic recruitment and the examination process. Control over the military and the replacement of aristocratic power with
something akin to a meritocracy brought about a stability that allowed the country to enjoy a period of prosperity due to the expansion of industry, commerce and agriculture. These factors, in turn, led to the development of new cities as centers of administration, trade, commerce and industry.

The reform period lasted until the death of Emperor Shenzong in 1086. From then on there was a decline due to differences between ruling factions and peasant rebellions. The increased military skills of the three rival powers -- the Liao, Jin and Western Xia -- meant they were able to take
advantage of the weakened country; In 1126, the Jin army conquered Kaifeng after a long siege. The following year the Northern Song Emperor was deposed and, along with his son, exiled to Manchuria

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Study Chinese - Luoyang Tang San Cai

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Library>China ABC>Geography>Local Products

Luoyang Tang San Cai

Tang San Cai, also called Tricolor Glazed Pottery and a gem of ancient Chinese art, is a kind of handmade glazed ware of exquisite craftsmanship created in the Northern and Southern Dynasty (386-589) about 1,400 years ago. During the Tang Dynasty (618-907), the production of Tang San Cai reached
its peak, which is part of the reason the pottery got the name of Tang San Cai.

Luoyang, named the eastern capital in ancient times, in Henan Province was the home of Tang San Cai, and most of unearthed Tang San Cai was found in Luoyang.

Tang San Cai is a polychrome handicraft with yellow, green, and white as its major tones. It is fired with lead glaze and presents a harmonious complex of varied colors, deep and light. The process is complicated: first, bake the ready mode in kilns until the temperature reaches 1,100oC, then take
it out and apply glaze on it; bake it again in kilns at a temperature of about 900°C.

Tang San Cai items that have been unearthed include horses, humans, and even pillows, and camels, of which the pottery camel is one of the best. Its head rises high, as if telling stories about merchant caravans along the Silk Road in the remote past and the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty.

Being the gem of ancient Chinese art, Tang San Cai absorbed the advantages of Chinese painting, sculpture and stone carving. It features fleshy figures, regular and exquisite technics, compact carving traces, and smooth lines, indicating the high-level of the craft reached in the Tang Dynasty.
Tang San Cai is mainly divided into pottery tomb-figures and daily commodities.

After the founding of new China, specialized institutions have been set up to study the technics of making Tang San Cai, which has boosted the development of the craft. At present, Luoyang Tang San Cai is exporting to more than 50 countries and regions in the world.

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Chinese Tutor - Huaihe River

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Library>China ABC>Geography>Rivers & Lakes

Huaihe River

The Huaihe River, the sixth largest river in China, flows from west to east, with the Yellow River in the north and the Yangtze River in the south. It is 700 kilometers in length and 400 kilometers in width, covering 270,000 square kilometers, of which the Huaihe water system covers 190,000
kilometers, and the water system of the Si, Jin and Shu rivers cover 80,000 kilometers.

Starting in the Tongbai Mountains, it has its upper reaches in Henan Province, middle reaches in Anhui Province, and lower reaches in Jiangsu Province. Its trunk is about 1,000 kilometers long and its drainage area about 270,000 square kilometers.

The Huaihe River is divided into three sections: the upper reaches flow from the source to the mouth of Honghe River between Henan and Anhui provinces, with a total length of 360 kilometers and a drainage area of 30,000 square kilometers; the middle reaches, from Honghe River to Hongze Lake, are
490 kilometers in length and 160,000 square kilometers in drainage area; and the lower reaches, 30,000 square kilometers.

With the passage of time, the waters of the Huaihe River converged to form two large lakes, Hongze and Gaoyou, of which the Hongze Lake is the fourth largest freshwater lake in China. In its high-water season the Huaihe River flows through the Hongze and Gaoyou lakes and the Grand Canal into the
Yangtze River near Yangzhou City before emptying into the sea.

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, many reservoirs and flood-detention projects have been built in its upper and middle reaches, new courses have been laid out in its lower reaches and its outlet to the sea has been widened. In this way, the greater part of its water now
flows into the Yangtze River and the rest into the Huanghai Sea through the new channels.

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Learn Chinese online - Baishuijiang National Nature Reserve

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Library>China ABC>Fauna Flora>Nature Reserves

Baishuijiang National Nature Reserve

Baishuijiang National Nature Reserve is located in Wenxian County, south of Gansu Province. The whole preservation zone is in the shape of a ribbon, with 110 kilometers long from the east to the west and 20 kilometers wide from the south to the north. Covering an area of 213,750 hectares,
Baishuijiang National Nature Reserve features verdant and lush forest and a great variety of plants and animals. It was established in 1978 and mainly protects giant pandas, other rare wildlife and their ecosystem. In November 2000, Baishuijiang National Nature Reserve was formallyincludedin the
International Man and Biosphere Reserve Network by the UNESCO.

Climate

Baishuijiang National Nature Reserve is situated at the transitional zone between temperate zone and subtropical zone. It is moist and rainy in summer due to the influence of monsoon from the southeast, while it is in low temperature in winter because of Mongolian high pressure. It is 14.9℃on an
average in temperature in arable areas. The lowest temperature is about 2.7℃, whichusually appears January, while the highest temperature is 23.1℃in July. The annual average precipitation is about 500-1,000 millimeters. There are around 260 frost-free days in a whole year.

Physical Features

Baishuijiang National Nature Reserve is situated in the northeast part of the Minshan Mountain Range. Generally speaking, the precipitous terrain of Baishuijiang slopes from northwest to southeast, rising and falling abruptly. Its highest peak is 3,837 meters above sea level,while its average area
is at the elevation of 2,500-3,100 meters.

Plants

Baishuijiang National Nature Reserve is characterized by its great variety of plants, luxuriant forest and intact natural beauty. In the Reserve, there are 2,160 species of higher plants and 67 rare, precious and endangered species under the state protection, including dove tree, ginkgo,
metasequoia, Taxus chinensis and masson pine.

The vegetation here can be vertically divided into five zones from the low elevation to high, namely evergreen broad-leaved mixed forests, deciduous broad-leaved forests, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests, coniferous forests and highland shrubbery or grassy marshland. The mild temperature,
plenty rain, luxuriant forests and good ecological environment prove to be an ideal place for the growing of bamboo -- giant pandas' favorite food -- and consequently guarantee that giant pandas can live and multiply well here.

Animals

giant salamanders

In Baishuijiang National Nature Reserve, there are altogether 265 species of terrestrial vertebrate, 180 species of birds and over 2,000 species of reptiles. As a co1ourfu1 wildlife reserve, it is also one of the main habitats for China's giant pandas. In addition to pandas, there are other rare
and precious animals such as black gibbons, takins, and golden eagles under the first-grade national protection. Animals in the Reserve under the second-grade state protection include macaques, otters, giant salamanders and gorals.

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Learn Chinese online - Gaur

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Library>China ABC>Fauna Flora>Introduction and Regulations>Class I Animals>Mammalia

Gaur

With the aliases of White Socks and Indian Gaur, it belongs to the Bovidae family of Artiodactyla order . Its Latin scientific name is Bos gaurus, and English name is Gaur or Indian Bison.

Its body shape is large, with about 200 centimeters in body length and 1,500 kilograms in body weight.It has two horns that are stout, sharp and arc-like. Its top forehead has a white spot. It has a tumor-like apophysis from shoulder to the predorsal part. Most parts of its body hair are tan,
black, while hair below knees of the four limbs is white, so it is also called White Socks".

It inhabits in tropical, subtropical broadleaf forests, bamboo forests or savannas, usually over ten headsper group, with only one adult male. The rest male ones move about alone, or form male groups. They generally move about in morning and dusk, some at night. Its olfaction is sensitive, and
temperament is ferocious, with the least timidity when meeting enemies. It feeds on grass, leaves, burgeon, and bark, etc. Its sexual maturity is at the age of 4, and mating time is generally from September to October, while the gestation period lasts about 9months, with one baby per fetus. The
longest lifespan of Gaur is 26.2 years.

It is distributed in southernYunnan Province and southern Tibet Autonomous Region, with a small quantity. Gaur has been listed in Appendix I ofInternational Trade Convention on Endangered Wild Animal and Plant Species.

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Chinese Tutor - Football

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|Home|News Center|Cultural Olympics|City of Beijing|Sports Tradition|China Impression|

Football

( 2008-07-10 )

Venue: National Stadium, Beijing Workers' Stadium, Tianjin Olympic Center Stadium, Qinhuangdao Olympic Sports Center Stadium, Shenyang Olympic Stadium, Shanghai Stadium

Time: Aug 6-7, Aug 9-10, Aug 12-13, Aug 15-16, Aug 18-19, Aug 21-23

While the modern game of football started with the foundation of the Football Association of England in 1863, its roots extend to opposite ends of the earth. The ancient Chinese, Greeks and Romans played a similar game, long before English kings in the 1300s and 1400s were trying to outlaw the
violent sport.

While professionals are allowed in the men’s tournament, rules restrict teams to players under 23 years old with the exception of three over-age players. ’No age restrictions apply for the women’s tournament. For the Beijing 2008 Games the number of women’s teams has been increased to 12.
The men’s tournament is set at 16 teams.

　 Emblems More

* Dancing Beijing -- Beijing 2008 Olympic Emblem

============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================

* Beijing Paralympics Emblem ( 07-10 )
* Environmental Emblem of Beijing 2008 ( 07-10 )
* Emblem of the Beijing Olympic Torch Relay ( 07-10 )
* Emblem of the Beijing 2008 OYC ( 07-10 )
* Emblem of the Beijing Olympic Cultural Festival ( 07-10 )

News More

* Illustrated Olympic giant panda story comes out
* Ten recommended Beijing shopping streets
* Let the fashion parade begin
* Chinese soprano holds solo concert in Greece
* Int'l sand sculpture festival in Italy highlights Beijing Olympics

Meet in Beijing More

* Dance Along the River during the Qingming Festival
* Concert by Macao Chinese Orchestra
* Kataklo Athletic Dance Theatre
* UK Contemporary Exhibition
* The Russia Star Ballet

Olympic on Beijing's Axis

　 Online Tour

============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================

| About us | E-mail | Contact |

Constructed by .cn
Copyright 2003 Ministry of Culture, P.R.China. All rights reserved

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Pnyin - Liaoning Province

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Library>China ABC>Geography>Introduction

Liaoning Province

Geography

Liaoning Province in the southern part of northeast China is bounded by the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea in the south, with a coastline 2,187 kilometers long. Situated 118"53"-125"46" east longitude and 38"43"-43"26" north latitude, it has a total area of more than 145,900 square kilometers.

Climate

Liaoning has a temperate continental monsoonal climate, with a hot, rainy summer; a long, cold winter with little snow; and a short, windy spring. It has a mean annual temperature of 6-11oC, and a mean annual precipitation of 400-1,000 mm.

Administrative Division and Population

It is divided into 14 prefecture-level cities, 17 county-level cities, 19 counties, 8 autonomous counties and 56 districts, with a population of 42.38 million as of the year 2000, mainly ethnic groups of Han, Manchu, Mongolian, Hui, Korea, and Xibo.

Food

Shenyang Laobian Jiaozi (a dumpling with minced pork and vegetable stuffing), smoked-pork cake, baked bear's paw (mostly not real bear's paw but substitute), hot-pot, smoked chicken, etc.

Culture

Acrobatics and the "Grand Yang Ko" dance in the form of stilt, dragon lantern, lion dance, and land boat, etc.

Brief Introduction

Liaoning Province, Liao for short, is located on the southern part of northeast China, with Shenyang as the provincial capital. Liaoning has a history of more than 6,000 years, and it officially got the present name in 1929. Shenyang, capital of Liaoning Province, is the largest city in Northeast
China.

As China's major base of heavy industry, Liaoning, the home of Anshan, the "Steel Capital" of China, holds an important place in iron and steel, machinery, chemicals, electric power, oil extraction and processing and sea-salt production. It is also China's leading apple producer and, its city
Dalian is a nationally known fishery center. Its main agricultural crops include sorghum, corn, soybean, peanut, Chinese traditional medicine, coat, silk, southern Liaoning apple and western Liaoning pear.

As one of the opening-up coastal provinces, Liaoning also has developed sea shipping. Dalian, Yingkou and Dandong are its major ports.

Liaoning's main historical sites and scenic spots include the Shenyang Imperial Palace, Northern and Eastern Mausoleums, seaside of Lushun and Dalian, the Yalu River, Qianshan Mountain, Phoenix Mountain and Water-Cave of Benxi. The Shenyang Imperial Palace is one of the two most intact imperial
architectural complexes ever existing in China, only second to the Forbidden City.

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Free Chinese Lesson - Environmental Emblem of Beijing 2008

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|Home|News Center|Cultural Olympics|City of Beijing|Sports Tradition|China Impression|








Environmental Emblem of Beijing 2008

( 2008-07-10 )





The emblem, which was created using a calligraphic art form, is composed of human and tree-like shapes. The emblem consists of the crown of a tree and the shape of a human being, which are used to create the form of a large tree reaching the sky. The image represents harmony and unity between
human beings and nature. Just like swinging colored strips that encircle and cross each other, the green lines form a luxuriant crown of a tree and recall flowers in full bloom, embodying the sustainable development of nature.





　 Emblems More









* Dancing Beijing -- Beijing 2008 Olympic Emblem



============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================


* Beijing Paralympics Emblem ( 07-10 )
* Environmental Emblem of Beijing 2008 ( 07-10 )
* Emblem of the Beijing Olympic Torch Relay ( 07-10 )
* Emblem of the Beijing 2008 OYC ( 07-10 )
* Emblem of the Beijing Olympic Cultural Festival ( 07-10 )








News More






* Illustrated Olympic giant panda story comes out
* Ten recommended Beijing shopping streets
* Let the fashion parade begin
* Chinese soprano holds solo concert in Greece
* Int'l sand sculpture festival in Italy highlights Beijing Olympics








Meet in Beijing More






* Dance Along the River during the Qingming Festival
* Concert by Macao Chinese Orchestra
* Kataklo Athletic Dance Theatre
* UK Contemporary Exhibition
* The Russia Star Ballet








Olympic on Beijing's Axis















　 Online Tour


















============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================


| About us | E-mail | Contact |


Constructed by .cn
Copyright 2003 Ministry of Culture, P.R.China. All rights reserved



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Chinese Pinyin - Yunnan Province

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Library>China ABC>Geography>Introduction







Yunnan Province




Geography



Yunnan on the southern border of southwest China takes its name from its location to the south of Yunling Mountains. Situated at 21 degrees north latitude and 97-106 degrees east longitude, it has an area of more than 390,000 square kilometers.

Climate

Yunnan with its complicated terrain has a diversified climate. It is divided, from north to south, into three climatic zones-- temperate, sub-tropical and tropical, distributed, from low to high terrain, over four regions -- the low, hot river valleys, mountain areas, and frigid highlands, forming
a peculiar "three-dimensional" climate. Yunnan's climate is characterized by small seasonal change in temperature, great difference in daytime temperature, and regional contrast between dry and wet seasons. Its mean annual temperature increases from 7oC. in the northwest to 22oC or more in the
Yuanjiang River valley. It has abundant rainfall and a mean annual precipitation of 750-1,750 mm. The rainfall in the wet season of May to October accounts for 83% of the annual precipitation.

Administrative Division and Population

Yunnan Province is divided into 3 districts, 8 autonomous prefectures, 5 prefecture-level cities, 10 county-level cities, 80 counties and 29 autonomous counties with a population of 31.74 million, of which 12.5% live in urban areas and the rest in rural areas. One-third of the total population in
the province are ethnic minorities.

Food

It had formed the Dian style dishes, such as rice noodle of across the bridge, steamed chicken soup, Xiuanwei ham, and Yilian toast duck, etc.

Culture

Operas of ethnic minoritieslike Dianju, Baiju, Daiju, etc. and dances like Peacock Dance, Fan Dance, and Lushen Dance, etc.

Brief Introduction

Yunnan, Dian for short, has Kunming City as its capital. Yuanmou was the home of the Yuanmou Man, who lived 1.7 million years ago and whose fossils were found in recent years.

Yunnan abounds in mineral resources, namely, tin, zinc, titanium, copper, antimony, and phosphorous. Non-ferrous metals, tobacco and sugar production are in the first places in China. Its agricultural products mainly include rice, rape, sugarcane, tobacco, tea, rubber, banana and medicinal herbs.

It is the province with biggest number of ethnic minorities in China, including the Yi, Bai, Hani, Zhuang, Dai, Miao, Lisu, Hui, Lahu, Va, Naxi, Yao, Tibetan, Jingpo, Blang, Achang, Nu, Pumi, Jino, Benlong, Mongolian and Drung. Each of them has its own typical custom, architectural style and
colorful literature.

Yunnan boasts a lot of places of interest, such as the Dianchi Lake, Cangshan Mountain in Dali, the Stone Forest, Xishuangbanna and so on.











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